Shrubs are closely relate&to trees, the two supplementing each other in complex forest communities where the former form the lower layer. Their shorter height and better adaptability to extreme conditions enable them to penetrate even areas where trees cannot grow and to establish extensive thickets.
One example is the high mountain shrub community above the tree line consisting of dwarf pine, European green alder, dwarf willows, rhododendrons and other shrubs whose limited height coupled with a protective blanket of snow permits them to survive the icy winds and sub-zero temperatures of the winter months.
Beyond the Arctic Circle, in regions with a shallow layer of soil that thaws only during the brief summer season, the shrub communities include arctic species such as dwarf willows and birches.
The first group includes Caragana arborescens, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Crataeous laevigata (oxyacantha), Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera tatarica, physecarpus opulifolius and Syringa vulgaris ; the second Berberis thunbergtz, Buxus sempervirens, Mahonia aquifolium, Prunus spinosa, Ribes alpinum, Rosa rugosa and Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Besides their importance in landscaping, shrubs also yield raw Inaterials for industrial use. Despite their small dimensions the wood of certain shrubs is much in demand either because of its excellent properties or for special uses (cornelian cherry, box, alder buckthorn, spindle tree, etc.). The wood, bark and leaves of other shrubs yield products needed by the rubber and leather industries (spindle tree, smoke tree, staghorn sumach, etc.).
The flora of western and central Europe comprises few such native evergreen species and so it is necessary to augment these with certain shrubs of Asian or American origin. Besides the European genera (Buxus, Rex, gedera, Ruscus, etc.) the evergreens include primarily members of the genus Berberis, Cotoneaster, Euonymus, Kalmia, Mahonia, Laurocerasus, Pyracantha and Viburnum.
One example is the high mountain shrub community above the tree line consisting of dwarf pine, European green alder, dwarf willows, rhododendrons and other shrubs whose limited height coupled with a protective blanket of snow permits them to survive the icy winds and sub-zero temperatures of the winter months.
Beyond the Arctic Circle, in regions with a shallow layer of soil that thaws only during the brief summer season, the shrub communities include arctic species such as dwarf willows and birches.
The first group includes Caragana arborescens, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Crataeous laevigata (oxyacantha), Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera tatarica, physecarpus opulifolius and Syringa vulgaris ; the second Berberis thunbergtz, Buxus sempervirens, Mahonia aquifolium, Prunus spinosa, Ribes alpinum, Rosa rugosa and Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Besides their importance in landscaping, shrubs also yield raw Inaterials for industrial use. Despite their small dimensions the wood of certain shrubs is much in demand either because of its excellent properties or for special uses (cornelian cherry, box, alder buckthorn, spindle tree, etc.). The wood, bark and leaves of other shrubs yield products needed by the rubber and leather industries (spindle tree, smoke tree, staghorn sumach, etc.).
The flora of western and central Europe comprises few such native evergreen species and so it is necessary to augment these with certain shrubs of Asian or American origin. Besides the European genera (Buxus, Rex, gedera, Ruscus, etc.) the evergreens include primarily members of the genus Berberis, Cotoneaster, Euonymus, Kalmia, Mahonia, Laurocerasus, Pyracantha and Viburnum.
About the Author:
When the contours and layout of the garden have been plotted on a flat garden plan, you can begin to translate the shapes into walls, steps and paves areas which will form the basic skeleton of the garden.
0 comments:
Post a Comment